Alder buckthorn
Frangula alnus
Family · Rhamnaceae · Poisonous
Read this before the sheet
This plant, or one that resembles it, is dangerous. Identifying is not authorising: no app has the authority to tell you that you may eat or touch a plant.
The streamside shrub whose berries go from green to red to black in the same cluster, and whose bark is one of the strongest purgatives in the European pharmacopoeia. The berries are toxic.
Streams and ditches · Oak woods · Uplands
Also known asglossy buckthorn, black dogwood
How to tell it
A thornless shrub or small tree, unlike common buckthorn. Alternate, oval, entire, glossy leaves with seven to nine pairs of very straight parallel veins, which is the best mark. Dark bark with pale lenticels. Green, red and black berries together on the same branch.
What it is confused with
Common buckthorn
Rhamnus cathartica
Common buckthorn has thorns at the branch tips and leaves opposite or nearly so; alder buckthorn has no thorns at all and alternate leaves with strongly parallel veins. Both species' berries are strong purgatives and are not eaten.
What it is for
The bark, dried and aged at least a year, is an official laxative still in the pharmacopoeia. Fresh it is violently emetic and dangerous. The berries cause vomiting and severe cramps and are never eaten. Buckthorn charcoal was for centuries the best charcoal for black powder.
With documented traditional uses. Not a therapeutic indication and not a dose.